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Abnormalities in sperm may be at least partially responsible for
up to 50% of infertility, with about 33% of infertility primarily
due to a male factor and 20% due to a combination of male and
female factors.
The reasons for abnormal sperm can be categorized into gonadal
(testicular), outflow tract, pituitary and CNS-hypothalamic, which
is similar to the causes for ovulatory dysfunction. The category
of outflow tract is important in the male since sperm normally
produced by the testes undergoes further development in the outflow
tract.
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